When is it okay for district judges to issue universal injunctions?
I am not a lawyer, but to me the answer would be found in the Constitution or from rulings by the Supreme Court.
Senator John Kennedy (R, Louisiana)is one of my favorites and on 3/31/25 while questioning Assistant Attorney General nominee Brett Shumate, Kennedy systematically dismantled any justification for these sweeping judicial orders.
From PJ Media:
Kennedy asked, “What’s the statutory basis for a federal judge issuing an order that affects people other than the parties before the court?”
“I’m not aware of a statutory basis, Senator,” Shumate admitted.
“There is no statutory basis, is there?” Kennedy reiterated.
“No, Senator,” Shumate confirmed.
Kennedy then challenged Shumate to name a Supreme Court ruling that interprets the Constitution to allow such injunctions.
“Can you name me that case?” he asked.
“I’m not aware of one, Senator,” Shumate responded.
“There isn’t one, is there?” Kennedy pressed.
“I’m not aware of one, Senator,” Shumate repeated.
Kennedy then laid out the fundamental issue: “You have a plaintiff and a defendant, and the plaintiff files a lawsuit in federal court. The judge has jurisdiction over those parties. How can a federal judge issue an order that affects everyone else outside of that courtroom?”
“Uh, it shouldn’t be possible, Senator, but district courts do it all the time,” Shumate admitted.
“I thought that if you wanted to affect parties who aren’t in court, you had to file a class action,” Kennedy countered.
“That’s correct, Senator,” Shumate agreed.
Kennedy pointed out that instead of filing class-action suits, plaintiffs often seek universal injunctions, which have no legal foundation.
“The universal injunction has become a weapon against the Trump administration, has it not?” Kennedy asked.
“Yes,” Shumate affirmed.
In his closing remarks, Kennedy highlighted the constitutional issue at hand: “Tell me the basis for universal injunction in Article III. Where does it mention universal injunction?”
“It does not, Senator,” Shumate said. “It says courts are to decide the case or controversy before them, which is based on the parties to the case.”
Kennedy concluded, “So Congress could act and say, ‘Look, federal judges, you render a decision to a plaintiff or a defendant, but you can’t impact people outside of your courtroom other than through a class action.’ That’s why God created class actions, isn’t it?”
“Yes, Senator,” Shumate agreed.
So there it is! All laid out quite nicely by Senator Kennedy.
Universal injunctions have no statutory basis, no affirmation by the Supreme Court, and have been used as a weapon against President Trump with no apparent legal basis.
Why is the Supreme Court sitting on their hands?
4/2/25